Calculators

Calculates the electromotive force (EMF) of an electrochemical cell using the standard reduction potentials of the half-cells.

Calculates the total pressure of a gas mixture using Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures.

Calculates the Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) of a reaction to determine its spontaneity. A negative ΔG indicates a spontaneous reaction, a positive ΔG indicates a non-spontaneous reaction, and a ΔG of zero indicates equilibrium.

Calculates the relationship between volume and temperature of a gas at constant pressure using Charles's Law: V1/T1 = V2/T2.

Calculates the lattice energy of an ionic compound using a simplified Born-Landé equation. This calculator provides an estimate of the energy required to separate one mole of a solid ionic compound into gaseous ions.

Calculates the degrees of freedom (F) in a system using Gibbs' Phase Rule: F = C - P + 2, where C is the number of components and P is the number of phases.

This calculator applies the combined gas law to determine the final pressure, volume, or temperature of a gas, given its initial conditions and changes in two of the three properties (pressure, volume, and temperature). The combined gas law is expressed as: (P1 * V1) / T1 = (P2 * V2) / T2

Calculates the number of moles from the mass of a substance and its molecular weight.

Calculates the freezing point depression of a solution using the colligative properties formula. This calculator determines the change in freezing point when a nonvolatile solute is added to a solvent.

Calculates the molarity of a solution given the number of moles of solute and the volume of the solution in liters. Also calculates mass from molarity, volume and molecular weight.